一切都是在空性中生住灭

中英文连载

《The Right View》(128)

THE TWO TRUTHS — THE KEY TO UNLOCKING MADHYAMAKA

《二谛——开启中观门扉之钥匙》

iii. Search for the essence of matter

3、寻找物质的“本体”

It would be easy to discern that the physical world is unreal by applying the reasoning of Madhyamaka，such as Nagarjuna’s five reasons or Chandrakirti’s seven reasons of the non-existence of the wooden cart. We will not go through all of them here, only take one simple example to demonstrate its logic.

用中观的分析方法来抉择，很快就能明白物质世界是虚幻的。比如：龙树菩萨或月称菩萨是通过五相或七相木车因(逻辑)来抉择此理的，但我们不讲那么多，只讲一种简单的中观逻辑。

Say, a disassembled car will become a pile of car parts, not a car any more. To continue disassembling, parts will become pieces of iron, then particles, then at last all matter will disappear before our eyes; nothing is left.

比如说：拆下一辆汽车的所有配件，就成了一大堆零件，而不是汽车；再继续分解，会成为一块块铁，而不是零件；再往下细分，就是一大堆粒子，而不是人们眼里的铁；再分下去，最终，所有的物质便会在我们眼前消失，都不存在了。

This would be the end result if analyzing from the point of the physical world. On a larger scale, the Earth is just a very small particle of the immense Milky Way. By further and further breaking apart the Earth, smaller particles will keep emerging until the end. So far, no philosophy, science, or other disciplines of the world have been able to perceive what would be at the end of this process. The Buddha, however, explained clearly some twenty-five hundred years ago: At last, no matter how small the particle is, it can neither be divided endlessly nor be indivisible. The so-called smallest particle can still be divided further until nothing is left. Another example is made with a dollar bill. If a dollar is changed to ten dimes which then are given to ten people, the dollar essentially disappears. The division of matter is similar to this. Ultimately, it will disappear without a trace.

从物质世界的角度去分析，就是这种结果。大而言之，地球是浩瀚无垠的银河系中一颗很小的粒子，将地球再继续分解，粒子中又包含更小的粒子，一直分到最后。虽然，世间的哲学、科学等各种学说都尚未认清分至最后是何种情形，但是，佛早在二千多年前已将它解释得清清楚楚：最后，“最小”的粒子不可能无穷无尽地分解下去，也不可能是不可再分的。所谓的最小粒子是可以再分的，而且最终是可以分完的。以前曾以一元钱做过比喻：将一元钱换成十角钱，再将这十角钱分给十个人，于是，这一元钱便没有了。物质的分解与此类似，它最终是会消失的。

If it is too difficult to comprehend how the smallest particle can be divided down to nothing, one can use the construct of a car, a house, or a piece of fabric for observation of the illusory nature of matter. For example, when a piece of fabric is made into garments for people to wear, the fabric will be seen as something truly existent. But when the fabric is divided into threads，one does not see the fabric any more. If the threads are subdivided into wool (providing the threads are made of wool), no more threads will remain, only wool. To subdivide the wool further, it leaves just particles to be seen. Then, may I ask what happened to the fabric, the threads, and the wool? They have all disappeared one by one.

如果“最小”粒子可以分解成虚空的观点不易理解，也可从一辆车、一幢房屋、一块布的构成来观察物质的虚幻性。比如：用一块布做成衣服穿在身上，大家都认为布是真实存在的。若将布分解，则只见线不见布；再将线分解，则只见羊毛不见线(假设线是由羊毛纺成的)；再将羊毛分解，则只见微尘(或称粒子)不见羊毛。那么请问：刚才的布去哪里了？线又去哪里了？羊毛又去哪里了呢？它们都一一消失了。

In fact, all matter can be broken down, ultimately, to nonexistence. After all, matter arises from emptiness, disintegrates into emptiness, and is inseparable from emptiness at all time.

其实，每一种物质都可以这样分解，而且分到极点都会消失得无影无踪。总之，一切物质都是在空性中产生，在空性中毁灭，现在也离不开空性。

So far, we have at least understood that the external physical world is all an illusion. Yet，as ordinary people tend to cling to the idea of inherent existence, in the end they can only pin their hopes on the existence of mind. However, the nature of mind is also non-existent.

至此，我们首先明白了外在的物质世界全是幻相。但是，因为凡夫人喜欢执着，最后便只有寄希望于心(精神)的存在了。然而，心的本性也不存在。

未完待续

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